Ukraine war - part 13. Russia's (non) winter offensive

In part 10 – prelude to a Russian winter offensive, I had described how a Russian winter offensive might unfold. The reality has been somewhat different, which necessitated this piece. https://rpdeans.blogspot.com/2024/11/ukraine-war-part-10-prelude-to-winter.html As I have covered earlier in this series, the turnaround in casualty ratios has started from the summer of 2024. NATO estimates of Russian capabilities were based on their performance in the first two months of the war (when Russia attempted a show of force to get Ukraine to negotiate, rather than a full-fledged invasion). Russian forces were outnumbered till Mid 2023 and there was no net change in territory controlled during 2023. The casualties and territory gained since 2023, can be summarized as follows: Est Ukrainian irrecoverable losses /month * Est Russian irrecoverable losses/ month** Territory captured by Russia sq km (net) 2023 Avg 16313 ...